|  Chemical
detail page
 Chemical
ID
Product
List
Toxicity
Information
WARNING!
Limitations of Available Toxicity Data
Summary
Toxicity Information
Additional
Toxicity Information
Detailed
Toxicity Information
Regulatory
Information
Water-Related
Information
Ecotoxicity
Information
WARNING!
Limitations of Available Toxicity Data
Summary
Acute Aquatic Toxicity
Summary
Other Aquatic Toxicity
Detailed
Aquatic Toxicity Information
Related
Chemicals
The
Chemical detail page is the center of the Universe for information
about pesticide active ingredients and includes information on the
chemical identity, human toxicity, regulatory status and ecotoxicity,
as well as a list of related chemicals and links to other resources
specific to the chemical of interest. The buttons at the top of
the page will quickly take you to the section of the page you are
interested in. Also on this page are links to a listing of products
containing the particular chemical of interest.
NOTE:
Any underlined term on the Chemical Information page is defined
and clarified in the documentation. Click on the term and you will
be linked to the definition.
Chemical
ID The
Chemical Information section contains a variety of identification
information about the chemical.
-
Chemical name: Generally the common name of the chemical,
if one exists.
-
Identifying numbers:
CAS Registry number, EPA Code number, and California Department
of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) chemical code. More detail about
each type of number is accessible by clicking on the underlined
term.
-
Use type:
How the pesticide is used, e.g., insecticide, microbiocide, etc.
Some chemicals have more than one use type. Clicking on the heading
"Use Type" takes you to a list of use types and their
definitions.
-
Chemical classification:
Some pesticides have similar properties based on their chemical
structure. Such chemicals belong to the same chemical class and
frequently have similar toxicological modes of action. Clicking
on "Chem Class" takes you to a list of chemical classes,
their definitions, and representative chemical structures.
- Top
Crops and Sites for This Pesticide in California:
If this pesticide is used in California, this section provides
a list of the top crops or sites on which it is used.
-
Synonyms:
A list of other names and numbers used to identify the particular
chemical.
- Products
Containing This Chemical: Clicking
on the link View U.S. Products takes you to a
list of all products in the U.S. EPA product database that contain
the particular chemical. You can select whether you would like
to see only currently registered products or all products that
were ever registered in the U.S.
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of page
Product
List Clicking
on View EPA Product List takes you to a new page with a list
(in alphabetical order) of all pesticide products containing
the active ingredient in question. Only 100 products are displayed
at once, so if there are more than 100 products, there will be several
pages of information, accessible by clicking on Next
at the top (or bottom) of the page. Information provided includes
the product registration number, whether or not the pesticide is
actively registered for use, whether it is a restricted use product
(RUP), the name of the company that registers the pesticide, and
whether the product qualifies as a PAN Bad Actor product. Definitions
of all of these terms are accessible by clicking on the term. More
information on products can also be found here.
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of page
Toxicity
Information The
Toxicity section provides information on both acute and chronic
toxicity caused by the chemical. Many chemicals have not been thoroughly
studied for their acute and chronic effects, and other studies are
kept confidential by the manufacturers and are not available to
the public. For these data gaps, we flag the chemical as either
"Not Listed," or, if we can determine that no evaluation
has been conducted, "Not Evaluated".
WARNING!
Limitations of available human toxicity data
Human toxicity
data do not exist for many chemicals, and the process by which chemicals
are prioritized for study or included on an official list (carcinogens,
reproductive toxins, etc.) is as much political as it is scientific.
Click here for more detail on the
limitations of the available toxicity data.
Summary
toxicity information
The toxicity
section begins with a summary of toxicity properties based on weight-of-the-evidence
toxicity for the particular chemical. Acute toxicity, carcinogenicity,
reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, groundwater-contaminating
potential, and ability to inhibit cholinesterase are all summarized.
A legend is provided to define the symbols used in the rankings.
Information on how summary rankings were assigned can be found by
clicking on the underlined headings.
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Additional
toxicity information
This section
provides direct links to documents from other sources that are specific
to the chemical in question, including information from the following
sources, where available:
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Pesticide Physical Properties
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ToxFAQs
- U.S. EPA Biopesticide Fact Sheets
- U.S. EPA Pesticide Fact Sheets
- Extoxnet Pesticide Information Profiles
- World Health Organization International Program on Chemical
Safety INCHEM Chemical Safety Information
- U.S. EPA IRIS Health Effects Assessments
- New Jersey Right To Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets
- U.S. EPA Pesticide Reregistration Eligibility Decision Assessments
Detailed
toxicity information
Most toxicity
categories contain information from several different organizations.
Rankings from all organizations can be found in this section and
viewed simultaneously. There are data gaps for many chemicals; however,
for chemicals that are similar to a compound that has been evaluated
(the "Parent" chemical, see section on Related
Chemicals), it is possible to use the toxicity properties of
this chemical to estimate its toxicity. Parent chemical properties
are shown alongside the chemical of interest for comparison purposes.
Definitions of the different toxicity categories and terms used
can be found by clicking on the underlined term. The
toxicity definitions are also available here.
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of page
Regulatory
Information The
regulatory status of each chemical is provided in this section,
including a link to our Countries page that gives
international information on registered, banned, restricted, and
cancelled status of a particular chemical. A link is provided to
a pdf file with maximum residue levels (MRLs) allowed on foods in
the European Union. Additionally, the status of the chemical on
the California Proposition 65 list of carcinogens and reproductive
and developmental toxins is provided, as well as the status of the
chemical as a California groundwater pollutant. Chemicals on the
United Nations Environmental Programme list of Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs) and Prior Informed Consent (PIC) are also flagged
here. Information on each of the regulatory categories can be found
by clicking on the underlined headings. The regulatory definitions
can also be accesssed here.
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of page
Water-Related
Information This
section of the page presents several types of water-related information.
- Water
quality standards and criteria:
Water quality standards, criteria and guidelines represent "acceptable"
concentrations in water, as determined by government agencies
for various purposes. These numerical criteria or treatment techniques
are used to monitor water quality. More details about this topic
can be found on the WaterQuality
Standards and Criteria documentation page.
- Physical
properties affecting water contamination potential: The
physical properties of a pesticide are a measure of how the chemical
interacts with the environment and can help answer questions like,
"Will this pesticide dissolve in water and run off into streams
when it rains?" or "How long will it take for this pesticide
to break down in the environment?" Water solubility, half-life,
soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) and octanol-water
partition coefficient (Koc). More details about this
topic can be found on the Physical
Properties documentation page.
Ecotoxicity
Information
Ecotoxicity
information is derived mainly from the U.S. EPA's AQUIRE
database, a collection of studies on the toxicity of a wide variety
of pesticides. At present, the PAN Pesticide Database contains only
studies on aquatic organisms. Data for terrestrial organisms will
be added soon, resources permitting. The database provides information
on acute and other toxicity.
WARNING!
Limitations of available ecotoxicity data
Ecotoxicity
data are not available for many species, and most studies conducted
to date focus on acute toxicity. However, a pesticide with low
acute toxicity may still pose significant chronic hazards (cancer,
reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption,
genetic effects, etc.) or cause behavioral changes that affect
species survival. The availability of studies on the chronic toxicity
of pesticides to plants and animals is limited. Additionally,
there are a number of reasons ecotoxicity hazard ratings can be
incomplete or unrepresentative of the true hazard posed by a particular
pesticide, including:
-
Laboratory conditions under which studies were conducted may
not be representative of actual environmental conditions.
-
In laboratory studies, only a single chemical is present in
the test solution. In the environment, multiple pesticides are
often present simultaneously, which can lead to additive or
synergistic effects.
-
Many species have not been tested, or the species that have
been tested are not necessarily representative of those that
inhabit a particular geographic area.
-
Fewer studies have been conducted on newly registered chemicals,
resulting in the appearance that they are less hazardous than
those that have been on the market for a longer time and have
been more thoroughly studied.
For
a more detailed look at the ecological effects of pesticides,
you can download
Disrupting the Balance: Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in
California from the PANNA web site, a report published in
1999 by Pesticide Action Network and Californians for Pesticide
Reform.
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of page
Summary
acute aquatic ecotoxicity
Using available
LC50 data (studies that measure how much of a pesticide is required
to kill 50% of the test organisms), we created summary ratings
for acute ecotoxicity by organism group. These ratings provide
a summary of ecotoxicity data at a glance, showing both the average
acute toxicity and the range of toxicity for various species within
the organism group.
Organism
group summaries are presented on the Chemical Information page
in the Ecotoxicity summary section. This section provides a quick
overview of the toxicity of a particular chemical to different
types of animals and plants, summarizing the results of toxicity
tests by groups of similar organisms (amphibians, fishes, zooplankton,
etc.). Clicking on any of the underlined headings will take you
to a definition of the heading. Definitions are also accessible
from the Ecotoxicity reference
page, and the methodology for creating these summaries can be
found on the Ecotoxicity
Reference page. .
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of page
Summary
chronic and other aquatic ecotoxicity
There are a
number of ecotoxicity studies that have been done where researchers
measure sub-lethal effects of pesticides such as changes in mobility,
reproduction, development, genetic integrity, etc. We have summarized
the types of chronic effects by organism group. Clicking on any
of the underlined headings will take you to a definition of the
heading. Definitions are also accessible from the Ecotoxicity
reference page.
Top
of page
Detailed
aquatic toxicity information
More detailed
information on aquatic toxicity, including study conditions and
individual species studied can be obtained by clicking on links
to the original data and its summarized form:
-
View species summaries: This section gives an average acute
toxicity rating for the selected chemical for an individual species
within each organism group. This page can be accessed by clicking
on the View Species Summaries link.
- View
all AQUIRE studies:
Clicking on this link takes you to a page with a view of the ecotoxicity
data from each individual study in the U.S. EPA AQUIRE database.
The citation for the work is provided as well as a summary of
the results. Clicking on any of the underlined headings will take
you to a definition of the heading. Definitions are also accessible
from the Ecotoxicity reference
page.
- Go
to U.S. EPA AQUIRE web site:
Clicking on this link takes you directly to the U.S. EPA AQUIRE
web site.
There
are 6,400 chemicals in the PAN Chemical database--active ingredients,
transformation products, adjuvants, and solvents. Many of these
compounds are chemically similar to each other; however, typically
only one of a group of similar compounds has been evaluated for
its toxicological properties. We call this compound the "parent."
In many cases, chemicals that are chemically similar (related
chemicals) will have similar toxicological effects and/or similar
chemical reactivity. We wanted to formally group similar compounds
to make it possible for the user to:
-
Know which compounds are chemically similar
-
View the toxicological properties of the parent compound when
evaluating a related compound
The
Chemical Classification (organophosphorus compounds, urea compounds,
etc.) is one way of broadly categorizing chemicals. By creating
Parent/Related Chemical rollup categories, we have taken this
classification scheme to a finer level of detail.
The
detailed documentation on the Parent/Related Chemical Concept,
with information on how this can be used to estimate the toxicity
of a related compound can be accessed by: 1) clicking here, 2) by clicking on
the word Parent in the Chemical Information page,
or 3) from the Pesticide Tutorial and Reference link in
the sidebar menu of the PAN Database home
page.
Last updated
November 16, 2002
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