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2,4-D - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information

Note: See Working with the Information on this Page section below for important notes about this data.
Chemical ID
 Identifying information, including synonyms, ID numbers, use type, chemical classification, a link to a list of all products containing this chemical and a list of the top crops this pesticide is used on in California.
Poisoning Symptoms
 Signs and symptoms of poisoning, first aid, and links to treatment information for this chemical.
Toxicity
 Toxicity to humans, including carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity.
Regulatory
 Links to world-wide registration status as well as regulatory information for the U.S. and California.
Water
 Water quality standards and physical properties affecting water contamination potential.
Ecotoxicity
 Toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Related Chems
 List of chemicals in the same family, including breakdown products, salts, esters, isomers, and other derivatives.
 

Chemical Identification and Use for 2,4-D
Basic Identification Information About This Chemical
Chemical Name: 2,4-D
CAS Number: 94-75-7
U.S. EPA PC Code: 030001
CA DPR Chem Code: 636
Molecular Weight: 99.9999
Molecular Structure:
Use Type: Herbicide , Plant Growth Regulator
Chem Class: Chlorophenoxy acid or ester
View Related Chemicals
 
Additional Resources About This Chemical Class and Use Type

See the Global Pesticide Resources page for many additional links.
Historical Use of this Chemical
Top five crops and sites for this pesticide in California
Landscape   Right of Way   Wheat   Regulatory   Pasture  
View All Crops and Sites
 
Other Names for this Chemical
About Chemical Synonyms
(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid , 00636 (CA DPR Chem Code) , 030001 (US EPA PC Code) , 2, 4-D , 2,4 d , 2,4-D , 2,4-D (acid) , 2,4-D present as acid , 2,4-D [Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-] , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid , 2.4 D , 2.4D , 24D , 636 (CA DPR Chem Code) , 94-75-7 (CAS Number) , 94757 , 94757 (CAS Number) , Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid , Weed - Broom (Use 3 code nos. 012301, 013803 and 030001) , Weed - Broom (Use 3 EPA PC code nos. 012301, 013803 and 030001)
 
Products Containing This Chemical
Current and historic U.S. registered products
View U.S. Products All Products (195 Total) Currently Registered Products (113 Total)
 

Signs and Symptoms of 2,4-D Poisoning

NOTE! There may be other diseases and chemicals that have similar symptoms.

If you have a poisoning emergency in the United States call 1-800-222-1222.
If the victim has collapsed or is unconscious, call 911.

2,4-D is a Chlorophenoxy compound.

Report a Poisoning
Symptoms of Poisoning with Chlorophenoxy Compounds
Find Products Containing this Chemical

- Irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
- Inhalation may cause burning sensation in nasopharynx and chest, coughing, and/or dizziness.
- Headache, vomiting, diarrhea.
- Confusion, bizarre or aggressive behavior.
- Kidney failure, increased heart rate.
- Metabolic acidosis resulting in peculiar odor on breath.

Source for Group Symptoms: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 9.
Treatment for Chlorophenoxy Poisoning

See: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 9, page 96.

 
Symptoms of 2,4-D Exposure from the International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

Report a Poisoning
View full ICSC Cards: English   Español   Française   Chinese   Dutch   Finnish   German   Hungarian   Japanese   Swahili   Thai   Urdu  
NOTE! PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!

Route of Exposure

Symptoms

First Aid
Inhalation Headache. Nausea. Weakness. Fresh air rest. Refer for medical attention.
Skin Redness. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
Eyes Redness. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible) then take to a doctor.
Ingestion Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Weakness. Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention.
Notes for ICSC Information
24-D is a chlorophenoxy-herbicide which as a group has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Depending on the degree of exposure periodic medical examination is indicated. Carrier solvents used in commercial formulations may change physical and toxicological properties.
 

Toxicity Information for 2,4-D

  Note: Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on humans. Why?

Summary Toxicity Information

PAN Bad Actor
Chemical 1 		Acute
Toxicity 2 		Carcinogen Cholinesterase
Inhibitor 		Ground
Water Contaminant 		Developmental or
Reproductive Toxin 		Endocrine
Disruptor
Not Listed Moderate Possible No Potential
Suspected
 
Indicates high toxicity in the given toxicological category. Indicates no available weight-of-the-evidence summary assessment. For additional information on toxicity from scientific journals or registration documents, see the "Additional Resources for Toxicity " section of the chemical detail page.
1. PAN Bad Actors are chemicals that are one or more of the following: highly acutely toxic, cholinesterase inhibitor, known/probable carcinogen, known groundwater pollutant or known reproductive or developmental toxicant. NOTE! Because there are no authoritative lists of Endocrine Disrupting (ED) chemicals, EDs are not yet considered PAN Bad Actor chemicals.
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.

Additional Resources about the Toxicity of this Chemical

See the Global Pesticide Resources page for many additional links.

Detailed Toxicity Information
Acute Toxicity 2
WHO Acute Hazard
TRI Acute Hazard
Material Safety Data Sheets
Acute rating from U.S. EPA product label
U.S. NTP Acute Toxicity Studies
      View Studies
Cholinesterase Inhibitor		 II, Moderately Hazardous
Not Listed
Not Available

Slightly to Moderately Toxic

No
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.
 
Cancer Information
IARC Carcinogens
U.S. NTP Carcinogens
California Prop 65 Known Carcinogens
U.S. EPA Carcinogens
TRI Carcinogen		 2B, Possible
Not Listed
Not Listed
D, Unclassifiable, ambiguous data
Not Listed
 
Endocrine Disruption
Illinois EPA list
Keith list
Colborn list
Benbrook list
EU list		 Probable
Yes
Yes
Yes
 
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
CA Prop 65 Developmental Toxin
U.S. TRI Developmental Toxin
CA Prop 65 Female Reproductive Toxin
CA Prop 65 Male Reproductive Toxin
U.S. TRI Reproductive Toxin 		Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
 
Chemicals of Special Concern
PAN Bad Actors
PAN Dirty Dozen list		 Not Listed
Not Listed
 

Water Pollution Potential and Criteria for 2,4-D

Water Pollution Potential

PAN Ground Water Contaminant Rating Potential
 
Physical Property Data Related to Water Contamination Potential
Water Solubility (Avg, mg/L)
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)
Hydrolysis Half-life (Avg, Days)
Aerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days)
Anaerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days) 		10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00 		 
 

Water Standards and Criteria
U.S. National Drinking Water Standards and Health Criteria
 µg/L unless noted  
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) 70.0  
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) 70.0  
One Day Exposure Health Advisory Level 1,000  
Ten Day Exposure Health Advisory Level 300.0  
Lifetime Exposure Health Advisory Level 70.0  
Reference Dose 10.0 (µg/kg/day)  
U.S. Drinking Water Equivalent Level 400.0  
Lifetime Estimated Cancer Risk (cases per 1,000,000)  
Canada Drinking Water Standards and Criteria
 µg/L unless noted  
Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)
Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) 100.0
Aesthetic Objectives
U.S. National Water Quality Criteria
 µg/L unless noted  
Fresh Water Quality Criteria Continuous Exposure  
Fresh Water Quality Criteria Maximum Peak  
Salt Water Quality Criteria Continuous Exposure
Salt Water Quality Criteria Max
Human Consumption of Organisms from Water Source
Human Consumption of Water and Organisms from Water Source 100.0 Notes: 2A,,2C
Taste and Odor Criteria
 

Regulatory Information for 2,4-D

International Regulatory Status
Worldwide Registration

Click on link at right to view registration information for different countries -->

Worldwide Registration for:
2,4-D
Number of countries where this chemical is:
     Banned, Restricted or Cancelled: 5
     Not legal for import: 0
 
UNEP Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)
UNEP Prior Informed Consent Chemical (PIC)
WHO Obsolete Pesticide		 Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
 

U.S. and California Regulatory Status
U.S. EPA Registered
U.S. EPA Hazardous Air Pollutant
U.S. EPA Minimum Risk Pesticide (25b list)

CA Registered
CA Groundwater Contaminant
CA Toxic Air Contaminant 		Yes
Yes
No

Yes
Not Listed
HAPTAC
 

Maximum Tolerance and Residue Levels
Codex Alimentarius
   (UN FAO Maximum Residue Limits)
U.S. Maximum Tolerance Levels
European Union Maximum Residue Levels 		Go to web site

Go to web site
Go to web site
 

Ecotoxicity for 2,4-D

Note! Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on the environment. Why? Click on underlined terms for definitions and additional information.

Aquatic Ecotoxicity
All Toxic Effects for Organism Group
Organism Group Effects Noted
Amphibians Behavior, Intoxication, Mortality
Annelida Mortality
AquaticPlants Accumulation, Behavior, Development, Growth, Injury, Mortality, Physiology, Population
Cnidaria Growth
Crustaceans Behavior, Development, Intoxication, Mortality, Physiology, Reproduction
Echinoderms Reproduction
Fish Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Enzyme(s), Growth, Histology, Intoxication, Morphology, Mortality, Physiology, Reproduction
Fungi Population
Insects Development, Genetics, Mortality, Population
MarineBenthicCommunity Mortality
Molluscs Accumulation, Behavior, Development, Growth, Intoxication, Morphology, Mortality
Phytoplankton Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Growth, Histology, Mortality, Physiology, Population, Reproduction
TerrestrialPlants Growth
Zooplankton Accumulation, Avoidance, Biochemistry, Growth, Intoxication, Mortality, Population, Reproduction
View All Aquatic Ecotoxicity Studies and References
 
Summary of Acute Toxicity for Organism Group
Organism Group Average Acute Toxicity Acute Toxicity Range
Amphibians Slightly Toxic Slight Toxicity
Annelida Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic
Crustaceans Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Slightly Toxic
Fish Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Moderate Toxicity
Insects Slightly Toxic Slight Toxicity
Molluscs Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic
Zooplankton Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Moderate Toxicity
View All Acute Summaries
 

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity

We are seeking funding to incorporate terrestrial ecotoxicity data analogous to the aquatic ecotoxicity data in the space above. Watch this space!

Related Chemicals for 2,4-D
CAS Number Relation Reason Chemical Name Chem Detail Registration Symptoms California Use Chem Use Type U.S. EPA Reg PAN Bad Actor
94-75-7 Parent P 2,4-D View View View View Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator Yes Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D Amine View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D Ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
3966-11-8 Related 1 2,4-D, 2-butoxyisopropyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-37-8 Related 1 2,4-D, 2-ethyl-4-methylpentyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Yes
1928-43-4 Related 1 2,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester View View View View Herbicide Yes Yes
2307-55-3 Related 1 2,4-D, alkanolamine salts (ethanol and isopropanol amines) View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-54-6 Related 1 2,4-D, alkyl (C12) amine salts View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-57-0 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxy ethoxy propanol ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1929-73-3 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxyethanol ester View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
1928-45-6 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxypropyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
94-80-4 Related 1 2,4-D, butyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2971-38-2 Related 1 2,4-D, chlorocrotyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
5742-19-8 Related 1 2,4-D, diethanolamine salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
20940-37-8 Related 1 2,4-D, diethylamine salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
2008-39-1 Related 1 2,4-D, dimethylamine salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Yes
37102-63-9 Related 1 2,4-D, heptylamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
25168-26-7 Related 1 2,4-D, isooctyl ester View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
94-11-1 Related 1 2,4-D, isopropyl ester View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
5742-17-6 Related 1 2,4-D, isopropylamine salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
3766-27-6 Related 1 2,4-D, lithium salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
6365-73-7 Related 1 2,4-D, morpholine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
55256-32-1 Related 1 2,4-D, N,N-dimethyl oleyl-linoleylamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-59-1 Related 1 2,4-D, N-oleyl-1,3-propylenediamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-44-5 Related 1 2,4-D, octyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-61-6 Related 1 2,4-D, propyl ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1320-18-9 Related 1 2,4-D, propylene glycol butyl ether ester View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2702-72-9 Related 1 2,4-D, sodium salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
28685-18-9 Related 1 2,4-D, tetradecylamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2569-01-9 Related 1 2,4-D, triethanolamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2646-78-8 Related 1 2,4-D, triethylamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
32341-80-3 Related 1 2,4-D, triisopropanolamine salt View View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D, triisopropylamine salt View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
Related 1 Alkanol* amine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate *(salts of the ethanol and ispropanol series) View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-06-1 Related 1 Alkyl* amine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate *(100% C13) View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
137335-70-7 Related 1 Alkyl* amine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate *(as in fatty acids of tall oil) View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1917-92-6 Related 1 Amyl(pentyl) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-33-4 Related 1 Amylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-01-6 Related 1 Butoxypolyethoxypropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-34-5 Related 1 Diethylethanolamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-35-6 Related 1 Diisopropylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53535-29-8 Related 1 Dipropylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
3599-58-4 Related 1 Ethanolamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-36-7 Related 1 Ethoxyethoxyethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-05-3 Related 1 Ethoxyethoxypropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
533-23-3 Related 1 Ethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
25178-20-5 Related 1 Ethylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1713-15-1 Related 1 Isobutyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1917-97-1 Related 1 Isooctyl(2-octyl) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
6365-72-6 Related 1 Isopropanolamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-38-9 Related 1 Linoleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-38-7 Related 1 Methyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
51173-63-8 Related 1 Methylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53535-36-7 Related 1 N,N-Dimethyloleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
55617-55-5 Related 1 Nonyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-53-5 Related 1 Octylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2388-40-1 Related 1 Oleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-02-7 Related 1 Polyethylene glycol 200 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-11-1 Related 1 Polypropoxybutyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-12-2 Related 1 Polypropylene glycol 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
14214-89-2 Related 1 Potassium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
54325-99-4 Related 1 Propylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53466-77-6 Related 1 Propylene glycol 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53466-78-7 Related 1 Propylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
15146-99-3 Related 1 Tetrahydrofurfuryl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
6416-73-5 Related 1 Trimethylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53535-28-7 Related 1 Tripropylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
 
Working with the Information on this Page

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Citation: S. Kegley, B. Hill, S. Orme, PAN Pesticide Database, Pesticide Action Network, North America (San Francisco, CA. 2007), http:www.pesticideinfo.org.
© 2000-2007 Pesticide Action Network, North America. All rights reserved.